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A standard [d20] coin weighs about a third of an ounce, so fifty coins weigh a pound.
{{toc}}
== Coins of Waterdeep ==
{{statblock|1=
;Nib<!-- 62% of bounding square (96% of bounding diamond) -->
: “Copper coin about the size of a thumbnail (1 nib = 1 common copper coin)”
: If the example is ¹⁄₂″ side-to-side (thumbnail size), then it’s ⁵⁄₈″ on the diagonal, and the single-surface area is ∼.24 sq.in.
: If the example is ³⁄₅″ side-to-side (fits inside taol), then it’s ³⁄₄″ on the diagonal, and the single-surface area is ∼.35 sq.in.
: If the example is ³⁄₄″ side-to-side (²⁄₃ of a dragon), then it’s ¹⁵⁄₁₆″ on the diagonal, and the single-surface area is ∼.54 sq.in.
;Shard<!-- 75% of bounding rectangle -->
: “Silver coin, slightly smaller than the nib (1 shard = 10 nibs)”
;Taol<!-- 84% of bounding square -->
: “Brass coin, about two inches square with a hole large enough for a nib to fit in (1 taol = 200 nibs)”
: If the example is 2″ wide, then the hole diameter is ¾″, and the single-surface area is ∼3.4 sq.in.
;Dragon<!-- 𝜋⁄₄ of bounding square -->
: “Gold coin, half again as large as a nib (1 dragon = 100 nibs)”
: If the example is ³⁄₄″ square (1¹⁄₂ × ¹⁄₂″ nib), then the single-surface area is ∼⁴⁄₉ sq.in.
: If the example is ⁹⁄₁₀″ square (1¹⁄₂ × ³⁄₅″ nib), then the single-surface area is ∼²⁄₃ sq.in.
: If the example is 1¹⁄₈″ square (1¹⁄₂ × ³⁄₄″ nib), then the single-surface area is ∼1 sq.in. (Same as standard round D&D coin.)
;Sun<!-- 74% of bounding square -->
: “Platinum coin, twice as large as a nib (1 sun = 1,000 nibs)”
;Harbor Moon<!-- 60% of bounding rectangle -->
: “Platinum crescent inset with electrum, about three inches long with a hole large enough for a nib to fit in (1 harbor moon = 5,000 nibs)”
: If the example is 3″ wide, then it’s 2½″ tall, with tips 2.2″ apart, a ¼″ square hole, and single-surface area of ∼4.5 sq.in.
}}
 
== Standard D&D coins ==
A {{abbr|standard coin|• 2nd – 5th Edition D&D (1989—){{br}}• 1st & 2nd Edition Pathfinder}} weighs {{abbr|about a third|0.32 oz. ≡ 16 oz.  ∕  50}} of an ounce, so fifty coins weigh a pound.
{| class="sortable zebra wikitable c2r c3r c4r c5r c6r"
{| class="sortable zebra wikitable c2r c3r c4r c5r c6r"
!Coin !!cp !!sp !!ep !!gp !!pp
!Coin !!cp !!sp !!ep !!gp !!pp
Line 15: Line 41:


==Background==
==Background==
Original D&D—“Basic” through ''Rules Cyclopedia''—coins have an ''encumbrance'' of ∼{{frac|10}} pound each.
===Original D&D and AD&D===
In original D&D <small>({{abbr|OD&D|“white box”}})</small>, Advanced D&D <small>(AD&D 1st Ed.)</small>, and ‘Basic’ D&D <small>({{abbr|BD&D|“Red Box” through ''Rules Cyclopedia''}})</small> coins have an ''encumbrance'' of ∼{{frac|10}} pound each.


More specifically, ''encumbrance'' (enc.) is a combination of the weight and clumsiness of gear measured in coin-weight equivalents (cn), where {{unit|cn|1}} equals approximately {{frac|10}} of a pound in weight and awkwardness. For example, a {{unit|lb|1|2}} wineskin filled with a quart of water/wine ({{unit|lb|2|v=~}}), would only ''weigh'' {{unit|cn|25|v=~}}, but has a total enc. of {{unit|cn|30}}.
More specifically, ''encumbrance'' (enc.) is a combination of the weight and clumsiness of gear measured in coin-weight equivalents (cn), where {{unit|cn|1}} equals approximately {{frac|10}} of a pound in weight and awkwardness. For example, a {{unit|lb|1|2}} wineskin filled with a quart of water/wine ({{unit|lb|2|v=~}}), would only ''weigh'' {{unit|cn|25|v=~}}, but has a total enc. of {{unit|cn|30}}.


==Other units==
=== US coinage ===
A d20/D&D mile ({{unit|miD}}) is {{unit|feet|6,000}}, and thus apparently a fantasy equivalent to the {{unit|foot|6,076|v=~~}} nautical mile rather than the {{unit|foot|5,280}} land mile.
;1792 Apr. 2 – ''An act establishing a Mint, and regulating the Coins of the United States.''&nbsp;(§9–13)<sup>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=001/llsl001.db&recNum=369 LoC] [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large/Volume_1/2nd_Congress/1st_Session/Chapter_16 Ws] [https://web.archive.org/web/20040407164627/http://nesara.org/files/coinage_act_1792.pdf Archive]</sup>
: Proportional value of pure gold to pure silver: 15:1
: US “standard gold” for coins: {{frac|11|12}} (≈916.7) fine (i.e. 22&nbsp;kt.), {{frac|1|12}} alloy (≤½ silver, ≥½ copper).
: US “standard silver” for coins: {{frac|1485|1664}} (≈892.4) fine, {{frac|179|1664}} alloy (copper).
<dd>
{| class="sortable tight c1us c5r"
! Den. !! Coin !!colspan=2| Weight !! <sup>№</sup>⁄<sub>lb.</sub>
|-
| 10.00 || eagle    || 270 || grains standard gold ({{frac|247|4|8}} gr. pure) || {{#expr:7000/270 round 1}}
|-
| 5.00 || half eagle || 135 || grains standard gold ({{frac|123|6|8}} gr. pure) || {{#expr:7000/135 round 1}}
|-
| 2.50 || quarter eagle ||class="in1 pr0"| {{frac|67|4|8}} || grains standard gold ({{frac|61|7|8}} gr. pure) || {{#expr:7000/67.5 round 1}}
|-
| 1.00 || dollar        || 416 || grains standard silver ({{frac|371|4|16}} gr. pure) || {{#expr:7000/416 round 1}}
|-
| 0.50 || half dollar    || 208 || grains standard silver ({{frac|185|10|16}} gr. pure) || {{#expr:7000/208 round 1}}
|-
| 0.25 || quarter dollar || 104 || grains standard silver ({{frac|92|13|16}} gr. pure) || {{#expr:7000/104 round 1}}
|-
| 0.10 || disme      ||class="in1 pr0"| {{frac|41|3|5}} || grains standard silver ({{frac|37|2|16}} gr. pure) || {{#expr:7000/41.6 round 1}}
|-
| 0.05 || half disme ||class="in1 pr0"| {{frac|20|4|5}} || grains standard silver ({{frac|18|9|16}} gr. pure) || {{#expr:7000/20.8 round 1}}
|-
| 0.01 || cent      || 264 || grains of copper (11 pennyweights) || {{#expr:7000/264 round 1}}
|-
| .005 || half cent || 132 || grains of copper (5½ pennyweights) || {{#expr:7000/132 round 1}}.0
|}
</dd>
: 1794–1795 “Flowing Hair” silver coins are 900 fine silver (0.848% more than mandated).
: 1795–1836 “Draped Bust” & “Capped Bust” silver coins are 892 fine silver (as mandated).
 
;1793 Jan. 14 – {{abbr|''An act to amend… so far as respects the coinage of copper.''|&lt;em&gt;An act to amend an act intituled “An act establishing a Mint, and regulating the coins of the United States,” so far as respects the coinage of copper.&lt;em&gt;}}<sup>[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large/Volume_1/2nd_Congress/2nd_Session/Chapter_2 Ws]</sup>
<dd>
{| class="tight c1us"
|-
| 0.01 || cent      || 208 || grains of copper ({{frac|8|2|3}} dwt.)
|-
| .005 || half cent || 104 || grains of copper ({{frac|4|1|3}} dwt.)
|}
</dd>
: Legal change before US Mint production began.
 
;1795 Mar. 3 – {{abbr|''An act supplementary to… establishing a Mint….''|&lt;em&gt;An act supplementary to the act intituled “An act establishing a Mint, and regulating the coins of the United States.”&lt;em&gt;}}&nbsp;(§8)<sup>[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large/Volume_1/3rd_Congress/2nd_Session/Chapter_47 Ws]</sup>
: US President may reduce copper coin weights by up to 2&nbsp;dwt. (48&nbsp;gr.) in each cent.
 
;1834 June 28 – ''An act concerning the gold coins of the United States, and for other purposes.''&nbsp;(§1)<sup>[https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/23rd-congress/Session%201/c23s1ch95.pdf LoC] [https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/1093 SLF]</sup>
: Proportional value of pure gold to pure silver: ≈16:1 (implied)
: US “standard gold” for coins: {{frac|116|129}} (≈899.2) fine.
<dd>
{| class="tight c1us"
! Den. !! Coin !!colspan=2| Weight
|-
| 10.00 || eagle    || 258 || grains standard gold (232 gr. pure)
|-
| 5.00 || half eagle || 129 || grains standard gold (116 gr. pure)
|-
| 2.50 || quarter eagle ||class="in1 pr0"| 64½ || grains standard gold (58 gr. pure)
|}
</dd>
 
;1837 Jan. 18 – {{abbr|''An act supplementary to… establishing a Mint….''|&lt;em&gt;An act supplementary to the act entitled “An act establishing a Mint, and regulating the coins of the United States.”&lt;em&gt;}}&nbsp;(§8–10)<sup>[https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/24th-congress/Session%202/c24s2ch3.pdf LoC]</sup>
: US “standard gold” for coins: 900 fine, {{frac|1|10}} alloy (≤½ silver, ≥½ copper).
: US “standard silver” for coins: 900 fine, {{frac|1|10}} alloy (copper).
<dd>
{| class="tight c1us"
! Den. !! Coin !!colspan=2| Weight
|-
| 10.00 || eagle    || 258 || grains standard gold
|-
| 5.00 || half eagle || 129 || grains standard gold
|-
| 2.50 || quarter eagle ||class="pr0 in1"| {{frac|64|1|2}} || grains standard gold
|-
| 1.00 || dollar        ||class=pr0| {{frac|412|1|2}} || grains standard silver
|-
| 0.50 || half dollar    ||class=pr0| {{frac|206|1|4}} || grains standard silver
|-
| 0.25 || quarter dollar ||class=pr0| {{frac|103|1|8}} || grains standard silver
|-
| 0.10 || dime      ||class="pr0 in1"| {{frac|41|1|4}} || grains standard silver
|-
| 0.05 || half dime ||class="pr0 in1"| {{frac|20|5|8}} || grains standard silver
|-
| 0.01 || cent      || 168 || grains of copper (7 dwt.)
|-
| .005 || half cent ||class=in1| 84 || grains of copper (3½ dwt.)
|}
</dd>
 
;1849 Mar. 3 Coinage Act of 1849.<sup>[https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/1094 SLF]</sup>
<dd>
{| class="tight c1us"
| 20.00 || double eagle || 516 || grains standard gold (implied)
|-
| 1.00 || gold dollar ||class="pr0 in1"| {{frac|25|4|5}} || grains standard gold (implied)
|}
</dd>
 
;1851 Mar. 3 – ''An act to reduce and modify the rates of postage in the United States, and for other purposes.''&nbsp;(§11)
<dd>
{| class="tight c1us"
| 0.03 || three cent piece ||class=pr0| {{frac|12|3|8}} || grains of 75% silver, 25% copper (&sim;{{frac|2}} dwt.)
|}
</dd>
 
;1853 Feb. 21 – ''An act amendatory of existing laws relative to the half dollar, quarter dollar, dime, and half dime.''<sup>(Chap.LXXIX)</sup>
<dd>
{| class="tight c1us"
! Den. !! Coin !!colspan=2| Weight
|-
| 3.00 || {{wp|three-dollar piece}} ||class="pr0 in1"| {{frac|74|2|5}} || grains standard gold
|-
| 0.50 || half dollar    ||class=pr0| 192 || grains standard silver
|-
| 0.25 || quarter dollar ||class=in1| 96 || grains standard silver
|-
| 0.10 || dime      ||class="pr0 in1"| {{frac|38|2|5}} || grains standard silver
|-
| 0.05 || half dime ||class="pr0 in1"| {{frac|19|1|5}} || grains standard silver
|}
</dd>
 
;1857 Feb. 21 – ''An act relating to Foreign Coins and to the Coinage of Cents at the Mint of the United States.''&nbsp;(§4)<sup>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=011/llsl011.db&recNum=184 LoC]</sup>
<dd>
{| class="tight c1us"
| 0.01 || cent      || 72 || grains (3 dwt.) of 88% copper, 12% nickel (aka NS12)
|-
| .005 || half cent || — || coinage ceased
|}
</dd>
 
;1864 Apr. 22 – () – Coinage Act of 1864.<sup>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=013/llsl013.db&recNum=83 LoC]</sup>
: $ 0.01 cent – 48 grains (2 dwt.), 95% copper and 5% tin & zinc
: $ 0.02 two-cent – 96 grains (4 dwt.), 95% copper and 5% tin & zinc
;1865 Mar. 8 – () – Coinage Act of 1865.<sup>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=013/llsl013.db&recNum=546 LoC]</sup>
: $ 0.03 three-cent – 30 grains, ≥ 75% copper and ≤ 25% nickel.
: Cent and two-cent only legal for amounts ≤ four cents.
: “In God We Trust” may be added to coins


A nautical mile ({{unit|miN}}) is one minute of latitude ({{frac|60}}{{unit|deg|1}}), making Earth’s meridional circumference {{unit|miN|21,600}}. Since Earth is not a perfect sphere, the actual length of a minute of latitude varies between {{unit|m|1,813}} and {{unit|m|1,861}} with a ''de jure'' average of {{unit|m|1,852}} ({{unit|ft|6076.12|v=~~}}).
;1873 – () – Coinage Act of


The original intent for the meter was to be one ten-millionth of 90° of latitude, making Earth’s m.circ. {{unit|km|40,000}}. The best measurements at the time were slightly off and Earth’s actual m.circ. is {{unit|km|40,003|v=~~}}.
;1965 – () – Coinage Act of


From this one can extrapolate that a standard D&D fantasy world could be:
==See also==
# a {{unit|miN|21,600}} ≈ {{unit|km|40,003}} m.circ. spheroid like Earth,
* “[[How many coins in a coffer?]]”
# a {{unit|miD|21,600}} ≈ {{unit|km|39,502}} m.circ. spheroid with {{abbr|2½%|2.4891%}} less surface area than Earth, or
# a {{unit|miD|21,600}} = {{unit|km|40,000}} m.circ. sphere with D&D feet/inches etc. {{abbr|1¼%|1.2598% • 1 D&D inch ≈ 25.72 ㎜}} longer than standard feet/inches.


[[category:D&D]]
[[category:D&D equipment]]
[[category:Pathfinder]]
[[category:Gear]]

Latest revision as of 19:37, 18 January 2021

Coins of Waterdeep

Nib
“Copper coin about the size of a thumbnail (1 nib = 1 common copper coin)”
If the example is ¹⁄₂″ side-to-side (thumbnail size), then it’s ⁵⁄₈″ on the diagonal, and the single-surface area is ∼.24 sq.in.
If the example is ³⁄₅″ side-to-side (fits inside taol), then it’s ³⁄₄″ on the diagonal, and the single-surface area is ∼.35 sq.in.
If the example is ³⁄₄″ side-to-side (²⁄₃ of a dragon), then it’s ¹⁵⁄₁₆″ on the diagonal, and the single-surface area is ∼.54 sq.in.
Shard
“Silver coin, slightly smaller than the nib (1 shard = 10 nibs)”
Taol
“Brass coin, about two inches square with a hole large enough for a nib to fit in (1 taol = 200 nibs)”
If the example is 2″ wide, then the hole diameter is ¾″, and the single-surface area is ∼3.4 sq.in.
Dragon
“Gold coin, half again as large as a nib (1 dragon = 100 nibs)”
If the example is ³⁄₄″ square (1¹⁄₂ × ¹⁄₂″ nib), then the single-surface area is ∼⁴⁄₉ sq.in.
If the example is ⁹⁄₁₀″ square (1¹⁄₂ × ³⁄₅″ nib), then the single-surface area is ∼²⁄₃ sq.in.
If the example is 1¹⁄₈″ square (1¹⁄₂ × ³⁄₄″ nib), then the single-surface area is ∼1 sq.in. (Same as standard round D&D coin.)
Sun
“Platinum coin, twice as large as a nib (1 sun = 1,000 nibs)”
Harbor Moon
“Platinum crescent inset with electrum, about three inches long with a hole large enough for a nib to fit in (1 harbor moon = 5,000 nibs)”
If the example is 3″ wide, then it’s 2½″ tall, with tips 2.2″ apart, a ¼″ square hole, and single-surface area of ∼4.5 sq.in.

Standard D&D coins

A standard coin weighs about a third of an ounce, so fifty coins weigh a pound.

Coin cp sp ep gp pp
Copper (cp) 1 ‌1⁄10 ‌1⁄50 ‌1⁄100 ‌1⁄1000
Silver (sp) 10 1 ‌1⁄5 ‌1⁄10 ‌1⁄100
Electrum (ep) 50 5 1 ‌1⁄2 ‌1⁄20
Gold (gp) 100 10 2 1 ‌1⁄10
Platinum (pp) 1000 100 20 10 1

Background

Original D&D and AD&D

In original D&D (OD&D), Advanced D&D (AD&D 1st Ed.), and ‘Basic’ D&D (BD&D) coins have an encumbrance of ∼‌1⁄10 pound each.

More specifically, encumbrance (enc.) is a combination of the weight and clumsiness of gear measured in coin-weight equivalents (cn), where 1 𝖼𝗇 equals approximately ‌1⁄10 of a pound in weight and awkwardness. For example, a ‌1⁄2 lb wineskin filled with a quart of water/wine (∼ 2 lb), would only weigh ∼ 25 𝖼𝗇, but has a total enc. of 30 𝖼𝗇.

US coinage

1792 Apr. 2 – An act establishing a Mint, and regulating the Coins of the United States. (§9–13)LoC Ws Archive
Proportional value of pure gold to pure silver: 15:1
US “standard gold” for coins: ‌11⁄12 (≈916.7) fine (i.e. 22 kt.), ‌1⁄12 alloy (≤½ silver, ≥½ copper).
US “standard silver” for coins: ‌1485⁄1664 (≈892.4) fine, ‌179⁄1664 alloy (copper).
Den. Coin Weight №⁄lb.
10.00 eagle 270 grains standard gold (247 4⁄8 gr. pure) 25.9
5.00 half eagle 135 grains standard gold (123 6⁄8 gr. pure) 51.9
2.50 quarter eagle 67 4⁄8 grains standard gold (61 7⁄8 gr. pure) 103.7
1.00 dollar 416 grains standard silver (371 4⁄16 gr. pure) 16.8
0.50 half dollar 208 grains standard silver (185 10⁄16 gr. pure) 33.7
0.25 quarter dollar 104 grains standard silver (92 13⁄16 gr. pure) 67.3
0.10 disme 41 3⁄5 grains standard silver (37 2⁄16 gr. pure) 168.3
0.05 half disme 20 4⁄5 grains standard silver (18 9⁄16 gr. pure) 336.5
0.01 cent 264 grains of copper (11 pennyweights) 26.5
.005 half cent 132 grains of copper (5½ pennyweights) 53.0
1794–1795 “Flowing Hair” silver coins are 900 fine silver (0.848% more than mandated).
1795–1836 “Draped Bust” & “Capped Bust” silver coins are 892 fine silver (as mandated).
1793 Jan. 14 – An act to amend… so far as respects the coinage of copper.Ws
0.01 cent 208 grains of copper (8 2⁄3 dwt.)
.005 half cent 104 grains of copper (4 1⁄3 dwt.)
Legal change before US Mint production began.
1795 Mar. 3 – An act supplementary to… establishing a Mint…. (§8)Ws
US President may reduce copper coin weights by up to 2 dwt. (48 gr.) in each cent.
1834 June 28 – An act concerning the gold coins of the United States, and for other purposes. (§1)LoC SLF
Proportional value of pure gold to pure silver: ≈16:1 (implied)
US “standard gold” for coins: ‌116⁄129 (≈899.2) fine.
Den. Coin Weight
10.00 eagle 258 grains standard gold (232 gr. pure)
5.00 half eagle 129 grains standard gold (116 gr. pure)
2.50 quarter eagle 64½ grains standard gold (58 gr. pure)
1837 Jan. 18 – An act supplementary to… establishing a Mint…. (§8–10)LoC
US “standard gold” for coins: 900 fine, ‌1⁄10 alloy (≤½ silver, ≥½ copper).
US “standard silver” for coins: 900 fine, ‌1⁄10 alloy (copper).
Den. Coin Weight
10.00 eagle 258 grains standard gold
5.00 half eagle 129 grains standard gold
2.50 quarter eagle 64 1⁄2 grains standard gold
1.00 dollar 412 1⁄2 grains standard silver
0.50 half dollar 206 1⁄4 grains standard silver
0.25 quarter dollar 103 1⁄8 grains standard silver
0.10 dime 41 1⁄4 grains standard silver
0.05 half dime 20 5⁄8 grains standard silver
0.01 cent 168 grains of copper (7 dwt.)
.005 half cent 84 grains of copper (3½ dwt.)
1849 Mar. 3 Coinage Act of 1849.SLF
20.00 double eagle 516 grains standard gold (implied)
1.00 gold dollar 25 4⁄5 grains standard gold (implied)
1851 Mar. 3 – An act to reduce and modify the rates of postage in the United States, and for other purposes. (§11)
0.03 three cent piece 12 3⁄8 grains of 75% silver, 25% copper (∼‌1⁄2 dwt.)
1853 Feb. 21 – An act amendatory of existing laws relative to the half dollar, quarter dollar, dime, and half dime.(Chap.LXXIX)
Den. Coin Weight
3.00 three-dollar piece 74 2⁄5 grains standard gold
0.50 half dollar 192 grains standard silver
0.25 quarter dollar 96 grains standard silver
0.10 dime 38 2⁄5 grains standard silver
0.05 half dime 19 1⁄5 grains standard silver
1857 Feb. 21 – An act relating to Foreign Coins and to the Coinage of Cents at the Mint of the United States. (§4)LoC
0.01 cent 72 grains (3 dwt.) of 88% copper, 12% nickel (aka NS12)
.005 half cent — coinage ceased
1864 Apr. 22 – () – Coinage Act of 1864.LoC
$ 0.01 cent – 48 grains (2 dwt.), 95% copper and 5% tin & zinc
$ 0.02 two-cent – 96 grains (4 dwt.), 95% copper and 5% tin & zinc
1865 Mar. 8 – () – Coinage Act of 1865.LoC
$ 0.03 three-cent – 30 grains, ≥ 75% copper and ≤ 25% nickel.
Cent and two-cent only legal for amounts ≤ four cents.
“In God We Trust” may be added to coins
1873 – () – Coinage Act of
1965 – () – Coinage Act of

See also

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